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1 testing tool set
Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: комплект испытательного инструмента -
2 tool
1. ( режущий) инструмент; резец || обрабатывать инструментом; обрабатывать резцом2. станок; приспособление«J» pin running tool — инструмент для спуска со штыря под J-образным пазом (для спуска подводного оборудования к подводному устью скважины)
«J» slot type running tool — инструмент для спуска с J-образными пазами; инструмент с байонетными пазами (для спуска и подъёма подводного оборудования)
bowl protector running and retrieving tool — инструмент для спуска и подъёма защитной втулки (устанавливаемой в устьевую головку с целью предохранения рабочих поверхностей головки от повреждения при прохождении бурового инструмента)
cam actuated running tool — инструмент для спуска с гребёнками; спусковой инструмент с гребенчатыми плашками
casing hanger packoff retrieving and reinstallation tool — инструмент для съёма и повторной установки уплотнения подвесной головки обсадной колонны
casing hanger running tool — инструмент для спуска подвесной головки обсадной колонны (для спуска обсадной колонны и подвески её в подвесной головке предыдущей колонны)
direct drive casing hanger running tool — специальный инструмент для одновременного спуска обсадной колонны и уплотнительного узла её подвесной головки
drill pipe emergency hangoff tool — инструмент для аварийной подвески бурильной колонны (на плашках одного из превенторов подводного блока превенторов)
guideline connector installing tool — инструмент для установки соединителя направляющего каната (подводного устьевого оборудования)
pump open circulating tool — инструмент для циркуляции, открываемый давлением
remote guide line connector releasing tool — инструмент для отсоединения дистанционно управляемого замка направляющего каната
rotation release running tool — инструмент для спуска, отсоединяющийся вращением
seal assembly retrieving tool — инструмент для извлечения уплотнительного устройства (в случае его неисправности)
seal assembly running tool — инструмент для спуска уплотнительного узла (для уплотнения подвесной головки обсадной колонны)
temporary abandonment cup running and retrieving tool — инструмент для спуска и извлечения колпака временно оставляемой морской скважины
wellhead casing hanger test tool — устьевой опрессовочный инструмент подвесной головки обсадной колонны
wireline operated circulation tool — управляемый тросом инструмент для циркуляции (используемый при пробной эксплуатации скважины)
— TFL tool
* * *
1. инструмент2. устройство4. pl. средстваcam actuated running tool — инструмент для спуска с гребенками; спусковой инструмент с гребенчатыми плашками
casing hanger packoff retrieving and reinstallation tool — инструмент для съёма и повторной установки уплотнения подвесной головки обсадной колонны
choke-and-kill line pressure test tool — колпак для опрессовки штуцерной линии и линии глушения скважины
choke-and-kill line stabbing tool — стыковочное устройство штуцерной линии и линии глушения скважины
circulating through-flowline well servicing tool — инструмент, закачиваемый циркуляцией через выкидную линию
direct drive casing hanger running tool — специальный инструмент для одновременного спуска обсадной колонны и уплотнительного узла её подвесной головки
drill pipe emergency hangoff tool — инструмент для аварийной подвески бурильной колонны (на плашках одного из противовыбросовых превенторов подводного блока)
powered epithermal neutron tool — прибор нейтронного каротажа по надтепловым нейтронам с прижимным зондом
seal assembly running tool — инструмент для спуска уплотнительного узла (для уплотнения подвесной головки обсадной колонны)
to orient a deflecting tool — ориентировать отклоняющий инструмент;
to run tools to the bottom — спускать инструмент на забой скважины;
wellhead casing hanger test tool — устьевой опрессовочный инструмент подвесной головки обсадной колонны
wireline operated circulation tool — управляемый тросом инструмент для циркуляции (используемый при пробной эксплуатации скважины)
— n-n tool
* * *
1. инструмент; орудие; резец2. средство
* * *
1) инструмент2) станок; прибор; приспособление; устройство3) скважинный прибор; каротажный зонд4) pl средства•tool closed — скважинный инструмент закрыт;
to feed drilling tool — подавать буровой инструмент;
to orient a deflecting tool — ориентировать отклоняющий инструмент;
to pull tools — поднимать бурильную колонну (<<из скважины>);
to run tools to the bottom — спускать инструмент на забой скважины;
to set a deflecting tool on bottom of hole — устанавливать отклоняющий инструмент на забой ствола скважины;
to stack the tools — выбрасывать бурильные трубы на мостки;
- air percussion tooltool to tubing substitute — переводник с инструмента на насосно-компрессорные трубы;
- auxiliary drilling tool
- blade drilling tool
- blasting tools
- blow protector running and retrieving tool
- blowout preventer stripping tool
- blowout preventer test tool
- borehole geometry tool
- cable tool
- cable-drilling tool
- cable-fishing tool
- caliper tool
- caliper logging tool
- calking tool
- cam actuated running tool
- cased-hole tool
- casing hanger packoff retrieving and reinstallation tool
- casing hanger running tool
- casing hanger test tool
- casing head tool
- casing potential profiling tool
- cementing tool
- chisel bit tool
- choke-and-kill line pressure test tool
- choke-and-kill line stabbing tool
- circulating fishing tool
- circulating through-flowline well servicing tool
- cleaning tool
- cold-pinch tool
- collapsible drilling tool
- combination drilling tool
- combination logging tool
- combination running-and-pressure testing tool
- combined-arrangement diamond drilling tool
- compensated density logging tool
- compensated neutron logging tool
- contact logging tool
- core drilling tool
- coring tool
- crossover running tool
- cutting tool
- cutting drilling tool
- deep induction tool
- deep laterlog tool
- deep resistivity measuring tool
- deflecting tool
- deflection tool
- density logging tool
- diagnostic tool
- diamond-drilling tool
- diamond-insert tool
- diamond-set tool
- diamond-set hard-alloy tool
- diamond-set hard-metal tool
- differential fill-up tool
- direct drive casing hanger running tool
- directional tool
- directional orientation tool
- disassembly tool
- downhole tool
- downhole circulating tool
- downhole survey tool
- drill tool
- drill pipe emergency hangoff tool
- drill stem tool
- drilling tool
- drilling-and-belling tool
- drillout tool
- drillstem test tool
- dual induction tool
- dual laterolog tool
- edge tool
- electrical resistivity logging tool
- electrical survey tool
- electromagnetic fishing tool
- erecting tools
- expandable drilling tool
- expansion drilling tool
- extraction tool
- field tool
- fishing tool
- fishproof tool
- flow-line tool
- focused microresistivity tool
- focusing-electrode tool
- gamma-ray logging tool
- gamma-ray neutron tool
- hand tool
- handling tool
- grappling tool
- gross-count gamma-ray tool
- guideline connector installing tool
- guideline connector release tool
- guideline cutting tool
- hard-alloy drilling tool
- high-resolution temperature logging tool
- high-temperature logging tool
- holding tool
- hole caliper logging tool
- hostile environment logging tool
- hydraulic clean-out tool
- hydraulic fishing tool
- hydraulic impact fishing tool
- hydraulic pulling fishing tool
- hydraulic side-wall coring tool
- impact fishing tool
- impregnated diamond drilling tool
- induction-and-electrical survey tool
- induction logging tool
- inside fishing tool
- inspection tool
- integrated tool
- irradiating tool
- J-lot running tool
- J-pin running tool
- laterolog tool
- liner running-setting tool
- liner swivel tool
- liner tie-back setting tool
- logging tool
- logging sonde tool
- lost tool
- magnetic fishing tool
- maintenance tools
- mandrel-type logging tool
- marine conductor stripping tool
- marine riser handling tool
- measuring-while-drilling tool
- mechanical orienting tool
- microlog tool
- microresistivity tool
- millable tool
- milling tool
- main drilling tool
- maintenance tool
- multiple-shot tool
- natural gamma-ray logging tool
- neutron depth control logging tool
- neutron-gamma tool
- neutron-logging tool
- neutron-thermal neutron tool
- n-n tool
- noise logging tool
- noncompensated sonic tool
- noncore drilling tool
- nonreleasing fishing tool
- nuclear logging tool
- oil-finding tool
- open-hole logging tool
- outside fishing tool
- packer milling tool
- packer setting tool
- packing tool
- percussion tool
- permanent-magnet fishing tool
- pipe alignment tool
- pipe handling tool
- pipe inspection logging tool
- pneumatic tool
- pole tool
- porosity-logging tool
- powered epithermal neutron tool
- powered gamma-gamma tool
- powered orienting tool
- pressure core tool
- production-combination tool
- production-logging tool
- production-tree running tool
- prospecting tool
- pulling tool
- proximity logging tool
- pump open circulating tool
- pumpdown tool
- radioactive tracer tool
- radioactivity logging tool
- releasing fishing tool
- reliability tools
- remote guideline connector releasing tool
- resistivity tool
- retractable drilling tool
- retrievable tool
- retrievable squeeze cementing tool
- retrieving tool
- reversing tool
- riser handling tool
- rock cutting tool
- rock destruction tool
- roller cutter drilling tool
- rolling cutter drilling tool
- rotary tool
- running tool
- running-and-handling tool
- running-and-pulling tool
- running-and-testing tool
- sampling tool
- scraping tool
- screwing tool
- seal assembly retrieving tool
- seal assembly running tool
- seal setting tool
- seat protector running and retrieving tool
- sequential dual laterolog tool
- service tools
- setting tool
- shock tool
- shoe squeeze tool
- side-wall coring tool
- side-wall neutron porosity log tool
- side-wall-pad tool
- single-lay diamond drilling tool
- single-seal setting tool
- single-shot tool
- small-bore tool
- soft-ground boring tool
- sonic tool
- spherical focusing log tool
- splayed boring tool
- splicing tool
- spudding tool
- squeeze cementing tool
- squeezing tool
- stabbing tool
- standard tool
- standardized tool
- steering tool
- stuck tool
- stuck logging tool
- suspending tool
- survey tool
- temporary abandonment cup running and retrieving tool
- temporary guide base running tool
- thermal decay-time tool
- thread-cutting
- threaded actuated running tool
- through-tubing tool
- tight hitched tool
- torque tool
- trial boring tool
- true resistivity tool
- two-trip running tool
- undersized tool
- underwater wellhead running tool
- universal running tool
- washover back-off connector tool
- wedgless sliding tool
- well seismic tool
- wellhead casing hanger test tool
- wellhead retrieving tool
- wellhead running tool
- wireless orientation tool
- wireline tool
- wireline-cutting tool
- wireline-fishing tool
- wireline-operated circulation tool
- wireline-plug-setting tool* * *• 1) инструмент; 2) скважинный прибор• прибор -
3 tool
1) инструмент; орудие, орудие производства2) резец; инструмент, режущий инструмент; черновой резец ( зубострогального станка)3) приспособление; оснастка4) pl инструментарий; средства; совокупность инструментов6) налаживать ( станок)•to adjust the tool axially — регулировать инструмент в осевом направлении, смещать инструмент в осевом направлении
- 3D modeling toolsto tool roughly — начерно обрабатывать, грубо обрабатывать
- abrading tool
- abrasive tool
- AC-assisted machine tool
- activated tool
- adapter tool
- adjusting tool
- AI tools
- AI-based modeling tools
- air tool
- alternate tool
- analysis tool
- angle head tool
- angle portable tool
- angled tool
- angle-drilling tool
- annular broaching tool
- antivibration jumper installing tool
- application tools
- arm tool
- assembly tool
- assigned tool
- auxiliary tool
- backspot-facing tool
- backup tool
- back-working tool
- bad tool
- ball nose end cutting tool
- ball-nosed cutting tool
- band tool
- bending tool
- bent tool
- best tools
- blanking tool
- block tool
- boring tool
- box tool
- brazed tool
- brazed-tip tool
- broach tool
- broaching tool
- broad-nose finishing tool
- broad-nosed finishing tool
- broad-nosed tool
- broad-parting tool
- broad-tool
- BTA tool
- bucking tool
- burnishing tool
- burring tool
- cam-controlled machine tool
- carbide tool
- carbide-faced tool
- carbide-inserted tool
- carbide-tipped tool
- carbon-steel tool
- cartridge-type tool
- caulking tool
- CBN cutting tool
- CBN tool
- cemented carbide tool
- cemented-oxide tool
- center tool
- centering tool
- centering-and-facing tool
- ceramic tool
- chamfering tool
- chasing tool
- chemical vapor deposited tools
- chipped tool
- circular form tool
- circular tool
- clamped-tip tool
- clamping tool
- clipping tool
- CNC tools
- CNC ultra-precision machine tool
- CNC-sharpened tool
- coated tool
- coated-carbide cutting tool
- coining press tool
- collet release tool
- collet tool
- combination internal-external tool
- combination machine tool
- combination tool
- combined tool
- computer-controlled machine tool
- contour form milling tool
- contour milling tool
- contour turning tool
- control tools
- coolant-fed tool
- copy lathe tool
- copying tool
- cordless SPC tool
- core tool
- corrugated tool
- counterboring tool
- counter-rotating tool
- cross-drilling/milling tools
- crossworking tool
- crowning shaving tool
- cubic-boron-nitride cutting tool
- cup tool
- curling press tool
- customized machine tool
- cutoff tool
- cutter tool
- cutting laser tool
- cutting tool with inserted blades
- cutting tool
- cutting-off bit tool
- cutting-off tool
- CVD tools
- dead-end tool
- debugging tools
- deburring tool
- dedicated tool
- deep pocket tool
- design tools
- design verification tools
- development tools
- diagnostics tools
- diamond burnishing tool
- diamond tool
- diamond-coated tool
- diamond-edge tool
- diamond-plated tool
- diamond-turning tool
- digitized tool
- disposable cutting tools
- disposable insert tool
- DNC machine tool
- DNC-supported machine tool
- double-acting deburring tool
- double-diameter tool
- double-index roughing tool
- dressing tool
- drill burnishing tool
- drill tool
- drill/tap tool
- drilling tool
- driven tool
- driving tool
- duplicate tools
- edge tool
- EDM tool
- embossing press tool
- end mill tool
- end tool
- end-cutting tool
- end-working tool
- engraving tool
- erecting tool
- expandable abrading tool
- expanding block boring tool
- expanding block-type boring tool
- external tool
- external turning tool
- face grooving tool
- facing tool
- fastening tool
- feed-out tool
- fillet tool
- filleting tool
- fine boring tool
- finish tool
- finish-cut tool
- finishing tool
- first-selection backup tools
- fixed tool
- flat form tool
- flatted parallel shank tool
- flooded coolant tool
- fluted tool
- fly tool
- follow tools
- form tool
- forming machine tool
- forming tool
- fresh cutting tool
- front endworking tool
- gaged master tool
- ganged tools
- gear cutting tool
- gear tool
- general-purpose machine tool
- generating tool
- gooseneck tool
- grabbing tool
- grinding tool
- gripper tool
- gripping tool
- grooving tool
- hand-guided tool
- hand-held grinding tool
- hand-held tool
- hard pointed tool
- heading tool
- heavy-duty machine tool
- high-positive geometry tool
- high-positive-rake tool
- high-speed machine tool
- high-speed steel tool
- high-speed steel-cutting tool
- high-usage tools
- hold-down tool
- honing tool
- hot-set tool
- ID step tool
- ID tool
- idling tool
- image acquisition tools
- impregnated abrasive tool
- impregnated diamond tool
- inactive tool
- indexable cutting tool
- indexable-insert tool
- indexing machine tool
- infeed slide tool
- injection tool
- in-line powered tool
- insert tool
- inserted blade-type tool
- inserted carbide tool
- inserted tip tool
- insertion tool
- inside corner tool
- inside recessing tool
- inside turning tool
- inspection tool
- installation tool
- integrated tools
- integration tools
- interactive design tools
- internal boring tool
- internal diameter tool
- internally operating tool
- inward flanging press tool
- ironing press tool
- irradiated tool
- knowledge engineering tools
- knurling tool
- lab-quality inspection tool
- lancing press tool
- lapping tool
- large hybrid system building tools
- large narrow system building tools
- laser alignment tools
- laser leveling tool
- laser tool
- lathe tool
- layout tool
- left-hand tool
- leveling tool
- LH tool
- life-expired tool
- linear mounted tool
- locating tool
- logic-synthesis tools
- machine tool
- machining tool
- manually adjustable tool
- marking tool
- master tool
- measuring tool
- metal-cutting tool
- metalforming machine tool
- microsizing tool
- migrating tool
- milling tool
- miniCNC machine tool
- misplaced tool
- mis-set tool
- modeling tools
- modular tool
- mold tool
- molding tool
- monocrystalline diamond tool
- multicavity molding tool
- multifaceted tool
- multifluted tool
- multigrooving tool
- multiimpression injection tool
- multiple blanking tool
- multiple insert tool
- multiple-cavity mold tool
- multiple-impression press tool
- multipoint tool
- multipoint-cutting tool
- multitoothed tool
- narrow system building tools
- NC machine tool
- NC tool
- negative-rake cutting tool
- noncutting machine tool
- nonrotating tool
- notching press tool
- odd-fluted cutting tool
- OD-turning tool
- OD-working tool
- offset tool
- oil hole tool
- old tool
- one-sensor-one tool
- operating tool
- order-related tool
- outward flanging press tool
- pallet tools
- parallel-shank tool
- parallel-shanked tool
- particle-type dressing tool
- parting press tool
- parting tool
- part-off tool
- PCD tool
- percussive tool
- perishable tool
- physicochemical machine tool
- pickup tool
- piercing tool
- placement tool
- planer tool
- planing tool
- platen-mounted tool
- pneumatic tool
- polishing machine tool
- polycrystalline CBN cutting tool
- polycrystalline-diamond-edge tool
- polycrystalline-diamond-tipped tool
- polygon tool
- polygonal tool
- portable air tool
- portable expanding tool
- portable pneumatic tool
- portable power tool
- portable sinking tool
- portable tool
- positive/negative tool
- positive/positive tool
- positive-rake cutting tool
- positive-rake tool
- power tools
- powered rotary tool
- powered tool
- power-positioned tool
- preadjusted tool
- preformed boring tool
- preset qualified tool
- preset tool
- presettable tool
- press tool
- prismatic tool
- probe tool
- process tool
- processing tool
- production machine tool
- profiling tool
- programming tools
- protuberance tool
- punching press tool
- qualified tool
- quick-change tools
- rack-type tool
- radial cutting tool
- radioactive tool
- random tool
- rapid change tool
- rapidly wearing tool
- rear endworking tool
- rebuilt machine tool
- recessing tool
- reciprocating gear cutting tool
- reconditioned tool
- refurbished tool
- replaceable-insert tool
- replacement tool
- retrofitted machine tool
- RH tool
- right-angled powered tool
- right-hand tool
- rivet shaving tool
- roller-burnishing tool
- roll-forming tool
- rolling-in tool
- rotary pneumatic tool
- rotary tool
- rotating tool
- rotating turret tool
- rough boring tool
- rough cut tool
- roughing tool
- rough-turning tool
- round tool
- rounded tool
- round-nose tool
- round-nosed tool
- router tool
- routing tool
- scraping tool
- screw-cutting tool
- screw-rolling tool
- second selection backup tools
- segmented bulging press tool
- self-correcting tool
- shank tool
- shankless cutting tool
- shaped tool
- shaper-cutting tool
- shaping tool
- shared tools
- shaving press tool
- shaving tool
- shear tool
- short chipping tool
- side cutting tool
- side tool
- silicon nitride cutting tools
- silicon nitride tool
- simulation tools
- single-crystal tool
- single-layer tool
- single-pass tool
- single-point threading tool
- single-point tool
- single-purpose machine tool
- single-tip tool
- sister tool
- slitting tool
- slotting tool
- smoothing roller tool
- software development tools
- software tools
- software-based integration tools
- solid bit tool
- solid carbide tool
- solid modeling tools
- solid tool
- SPC tool
- specialized machine tool
- specially outfitted machine tool
- spent tool
- spindle probe tool
- spinning tool
- spline drive tool
- split bulging press tool
- spot-facing tool
- spotting tool
- square cutting tool
- square thread tool
- stamping tool
- static tool
- stationary tool
- step tool
- straight portable tool
- straight shank tool
- straight tool
- straight turning tool
- stripping tool
- stub boring tool
- superabrasive-plated tool
- support tools
- surfacing tool
- swan-neck tool
- sweep tool
- sweeping tool
- tail-end tools
- taper shank tool
- tapered shank tool
- tapping tool
- taught tool
- testing tools
- thermal tool
- thread milling tool
- thread turning tool
- thread-cutting tool
- threaded shank tool
- threading tool
- thread-rolling tool
- throwaway carbide tool
- throwaway insert tool
- throwaway tip tool
- throwaway tool
- tipped tool
- titanium-carbide-coated tool
- to tool up
- touch sensitive tool
- transfer tool
- transparent tool
- trepanning tool
- triangular cutting tool
- trim tool
- truing tool
- tube-expanding tool
- Tunruf tool
- turning tool
- turret tool
- ultrasonic tool
- undercutting tool
- underrun tool
- underused tool
- underutilized tool
- undetected broken tool
- unit-type machine tool
- universal boring and thread milling tool
- unmanned machine tool
- untended CNC machine tool
- versatile machine tool
- vibrating tool
- viscous damped tool
- visualization tools
- V-thread tool
- wear-prone tool
- welding laser tool
- wide-finishing tool
- wire-forming tool
- wireless measuring tool
- wobble broach tool
- wood-cutting tool
- workplace tool
- worm-configured tool
- worn cutting tool
- X-axis tool
- Y-axis tool
- Z-axis toolEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > tool
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4 machine
1. машина2. станок; подвергать механической обработке3. установка; устройство; агрегат4. механизмmachine for flame treating polymer articles — машина для обработки пластмассовых изделий открытым пламенем
machine for making hygienic paper products — машина для изготовления гигиенических изделий из бумаги
American machine — тигельная машина «американка»
automatic bundling machine — автомат для комплектовки пачек тетрадей и их обвязки, приёмно-прессующее и обвязочное устройство
automatic card index machine — автомат для нумерации карточек, бланков
automatic gathering, stitching and trimming machine — подборочно-швейно-резальный агрегат
automatic rewinding machine — перемоточный автомат, автомат для перемотки
automatic slitting machine — автомат для продольной разрезки, бобинорезальная машина
backing machine — машина для отгибки краёв корешка, кашировальный станок
back stripping machine — машина для оклейки корешка блока, оклеечная машина
5. машина для обандероливания6. биговальный станок7. гибочный станок; станок для изгибания клишеbook back glueing machine — заклеечный станок, станок для заклейки корешка блока
book back rounding machine — круглильный станок, станок для кругления корешка блока
book block pasting machine — заклеечный станок, машина для заклейки корешка блока
book glueing machine — заклеечный станок, станок для заклейки корешка блока
bookmatch cover production machine — машина для изготовления картонного пакетика для книжечки спичек
box stitching machine — тарная проволокошвейная машина, проволокошвейная машина для сшивания картонных коробок
buffing machine — полировальный станок; шлифовальный станок
8. пачковязальная машинаbare machine — "голая" машина
9. паковально-обжимной пресс10. машина для прессования и обвязки пачек, паковально-обжимный пресс11. приёмно-прессующее устройство12. паковальная машинаburnishing machine — полировальная машина, машина для полирования обрезов
calendering machine — каландрирующее устройство; каландр
carrier bag handle glueing machine — машина для приклеивания ручек к специальным пакетам для упаковки бутылок или консервных банок
carrier bag making machine — машина для изготовления специальных пакетов для упаковки бутылок или консервных банок
carton box fabricating machine — фальцевально-склеивающая машина, машина для изготовления картонных коробок
case assembling machine — крышкоделательная машина, машина для изготовления составных переплётных крышек
case assembling and turning-in machine — крышкоделательная машина, машина для изготовления составных переплётных крышек
13. отливной аппарат14. шрифтолитейная машинаplant-top removing machine — ботвоудаляющая машина, ботворез
15. машина для нанесения покрытий16. лакировальная машина17. дублирующая машина18. установка для нанесения светочувствительного слоя19. бумагокрасильная машина20. фотонаборная машина21. наборно-пишущая машинкаcolor grinding machine — краскотёрка, тёрочная машина
color mixing machine — краскосмеситель, краскоперемешивающее устройство
color plate preregistering machine — станок для предварительной приводки комплекта форм при многокрасочной печати
color separation machine — цветоделительная машина, цветоделитель-цветокорректор
computing machine — вычислительная машина, вычислительное устройство
converting machine — перерабатывающая машина, машина картонажного производства
22. копировальный аппарат, дубликатор23. множительная установка24. копировальный станок25. копировальный аппаратcorner-rounding machine — станок для кругления углов, углорубилка
26. крытвенная машина27. оклеечная машина28. рилевальная машина29. фальцевальная машина30. плоскопечатная машинаsifting machine — просеватель; просевная машина
31. круглосеточная бумагоделательная машинаdaylight developing machine — проявочное устройство, работающее при дневном свете
diazo copying machine — диазокопировальный аппарат; светокопировальный аппарат
die-cutter machine — высекальная машина, штанцевальный пресс
dilitho printing machine — машина для печатания по способу «дилито»
direct lithographic machine — машина для печатания по способу «дилито» с офсетных форм без офсетных цилиндров
double-action machine — машина, использующая для печатания рабочий и холостой ход
dusting-off machine — устройство для удаления пыли, пылеотсасывающее устройство
32. фацетно-торцевой станок33. машина для обрезки блоковelectrophotographic halftone printing machine — электрофотографический аппарат для копирования растровых изображений
34. позолотный прессcubing and pelleting machine — пресс — гранулятор
35. высекальный пресс36. форзацприклеечная машина37. машина для изготовления форзацевuser machine — абонементная машина; пользовательская машина
38. станок для прикрепления глазков или пистонов39. перфораторfoil blocking machine — позолотный пресс, пресс для тиснения фольгой
foil embossing machine — позолотный пресс, пресс для тиснения фольгой
40. матрично-сушильный аппаратheart lung machine — аппарат "сердце-легкие"
41. формующее устройство бумагоделательной машиныforward skip-wheel numbering machine — нумератор с пропуском цифр при нумерации нарастающими цифрами
42. клеемазальная машина43. приклеечная машинаglue-off machine — заклеечный станок, машина для заклейки корешка
44. шлифовальный станок45. краскотёрка, тёрочная машинаgumming machine — гуммировальная машина, машина для гуммирования
hot-foil blocking platen machine — позолотный пресс, пресс для горячего тиснения фольгой
hot-metal composing machine — отливная наборная машина, машина для «горячего» набора
hot-metal typesetting machine — отливная наборная машина, машина для «горячего» набора
image reproduction machine — аппарат для копирования изображения; копировальный аппарат
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5 ST
1) Общая лексика: standards, Краткосрочный (short term)2) Компьютерная техника: Secondary Table, Seek Time, Selectable Technology, Sequence Type, Shadow Technology, Show Type, State And The, space telescope3) Американизм: Special Treatment4) Спорт: Short Track, Snap Twist, Sports Technology, Spring Training5) Военный термин: SEAL Team, Satellite Transmitter, Scientific/Technical, Self Test, Service Time, Ship Type, Short Tons, Siege Tank, Situation Time, Special Text, Standby Time, Strategic Task, Support Technical, Surveillance Test, scheduled training, scramble time, security troops, service telegram, service test, shipping ticket, signal training, simulator training, space technology, special test, special training, special troops, start time, static test, sticky type, strategic transport, superintendent of transportation, supply and transport, surface target, survivability test, survival time, system test6) Техника: sample top, service testing, set-up time for batch, signaling tone, site team, sound telegraph, source term, space tracking, spaceborne telescope, speed transmitter, standard taper, star tracker, steam turbine, surge tank, synchronous transmission, target speed7) Сельское хозяйство: sensation threshold8) Шутливое выражение: Silly Twit9) Математика: Subtraction Term, топология множеств (set topology)10) Метеорология: Squall's Time11) Железнодорожный термин: ST Rail System12) Юридический термин: Silent Treatment13) Бухгалтерия: Sub Total14) Автомобильный термин: scan tool15) Грубое выражение: Sex Toy, Soft Touch, Straight Tip, Stupid Things16) Металлургия: Sound Trap18) Телекоммуникации: Signaling Terminal, Segment Type (DQDB, SMDS)19) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Sudan), Saint Tome and Principe, Same Time, Sesotho, Sixteen Thirty, Sorting Tender (UK, part of RPO), Source/Type Code (MODS report abbreviation), Space Transport, Special Tooling, Staff Target, Standard Time, Strategic Transport, air, Street (Street Suffix), Summer Time, Support Tank, Surface Terminal, sawtooth, scientific and technical, self-testing, sidereal time, single-throw, single-tire, sounding tube, start, starting time, steam, strip-tin, surface transport, Staff Target (British Army; L; Land), (SLFTPG) self-tapping20) Университет: Special Topics21) Физика: State Transformation22) Физиология: Esotropia, See And Treat, Sexually Transmitted, Shock therapy, Speech Therapy, Spontaneous Timed, Stage Of Disease, Stomach23) Электроника: Special Technology, Special Tuning24) Вычислительная техника: Schmitt trigger, Seagate technology, Segment Table / Type, Short Ton, Stream Protocol, Seagate Technology (HDD), Shared Tree (PIM, SPT, CBT, Multicast)25) Нефть: seismic tomography, short thread, sidetrack, tensile strength, верхняя граница интервала, из которого взята проба (sample top), короткая резьба (short thread), самопроверка (self-test), эксплуатационные испытания (service test)26) Биохимия: Skin Temperature27) Гигиена: sanitary towel28) Космонавтика: сао29) Картография: steel truss30) Транспорт: Semi Tread, Short Tread, Sign Type, Special Touring, Special Trailer, Special Transport, Sport Turismo, Sports Tourer, Sports Touring, Stadium Truck, Standard Touring, Standard Trailer, Station Timed, Street Thunder31) Фирменный знак: Seagate Technologies, Sport Technologies, Stafford Tavares, Super Travel32) СМИ: Segment Title, Skinhead Times, State This33) Деловая лексика: Side Trip (Сокращение в электронном авиабилете)34) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: short ton (2, 000 pounds or 0. 907 metric ton)35) Нефтепромысловый: (sidetracking) бурение боковых стволов36) Образование: Safe Toy, Show And Tell37) Сетевые технологии: Subject To38) Полимеры: standard temperature, surface tension39) Программирование: Show Turtle, структурированный текст, Structured Text (стандартный язык программирования IEC 61131-3, см. также Robert W. Lewis; Karl-Heinz John; Bonfatti F.)40) Автоматика: sensing tool, setup time for batch, synonymous term41) Контроль качества: short-term42) Океанография: Stratosphere-troposphere43) Сахалин Ю: steam tracer44) Химическое оружие: Structured text45) Авиационная медицина: tactile sense46) Безопасность: Screening Tool47) Золотодобыча: концентрационный вибростол48) Расширение файла: Scream Tracker Instrument library, Segment Table, Smalltalk language source code file (Little Smalltalk), Stamp (NeoPaint)49) Нефть и газ: steel structure50) Нефтеперерабатывающие заводы: паровая турбина/машина (steam turbine)51) Имена и фамилии: Simon Tissot, Stuart Taylor52) Баскетбол: перехват (сокр. от steal)53) Уголь: Softening temperature54) Должность: Sports Trainer, Story Teller55) Чат: Struggler, Sub Topic, Such That56) NYSE. SPS Technologies, Inc.57) НАСА: Solar Terrestrial, Space Talk58) Программное обеспечение: The Simulation Toolkit -
6 St
1) Общая лексика: standards, Краткосрочный (short term)2) Компьютерная техника: Secondary Table, Seek Time, Selectable Technology, Sequence Type, Shadow Technology, Show Type, State And The, space telescope3) Американизм: Special Treatment4) Спорт: Short Track, Snap Twist, Sports Technology, Spring Training5) Военный термин: SEAL Team, Satellite Transmitter, Scientific/Technical, Self Test, Service Time, Ship Type, Short Tons, Siege Tank, Situation Time, Special Text, Standby Time, Strategic Task, Support Technical, Surveillance Test, scheduled training, scramble time, security troops, service telegram, service test, shipping ticket, signal training, simulator training, space technology, special test, special training, special troops, start time, static test, sticky type, strategic transport, superintendent of transportation, supply and transport, surface target, survivability test, survival time, system test6) Техника: sample top, service testing, set-up time for batch, signaling tone, site team, sound telegraph, source term, space tracking, spaceborne telescope, speed transmitter, standard taper, star tracker, steam turbine, surge tank, synchronous transmission, target speed7) Сельское хозяйство: sensation threshold8) Шутливое выражение: Silly Twit9) Математика: Subtraction Term, топология множеств (set topology)10) Метеорология: Squall's Time11) Железнодорожный термин: ST Rail System12) Юридический термин: Silent Treatment13) Бухгалтерия: Sub Total14) Автомобильный термин: scan tool15) Грубое выражение: Sex Toy, Soft Touch, Straight Tip, Stupid Things16) Металлургия: Sound Trap18) Телекоммуникации: Signaling Terminal, Segment Type (DQDB, SMDS)19) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Sudan), Saint Tome and Principe, Same Time, Sesotho, Sixteen Thirty, Sorting Tender (UK, part of RPO), Source/Type Code (MODS report abbreviation), Space Transport, Special Tooling, Staff Target, Standard Time, Strategic Transport, air, Street (Street Suffix), Summer Time, Support Tank, Surface Terminal, sawtooth, scientific and technical, self-testing, sidereal time, single-throw, single-tire, sounding tube, start, starting time, steam, strip-tin, surface transport, Staff Target (British Army; L; Land), (SLFTPG) self-tapping20) Университет: Special Topics21) Физика: State Transformation22) Физиология: Esotropia, See And Treat, Sexually Transmitted, Shock therapy, Speech Therapy, Spontaneous Timed, Stage Of Disease, Stomach23) Электроника: Special Technology, Special Tuning24) Вычислительная техника: Schmitt trigger, Seagate technology, Segment Table / Type, Short Ton, Stream Protocol, Seagate Technology (HDD), Shared Tree (PIM, SPT, CBT, Multicast)25) Нефть: seismic tomography, short thread, sidetrack, tensile strength, верхняя граница интервала, из которого взята проба (sample top), короткая резьба (short thread), самопроверка (self-test), эксплуатационные испытания (service test)26) Биохимия: Skin Temperature27) Гигиена: sanitary towel28) Космонавтика: сао29) Картография: steel truss30) Транспорт: Semi Tread, Short Tread, Sign Type, Special Touring, Special Trailer, Special Transport, Sport Turismo, Sports Tourer, Sports Touring, Stadium Truck, Standard Touring, Standard Trailer, Station Timed, Street Thunder31) Фирменный знак: Seagate Technologies, Sport Technologies, Stafford Tavares, Super Travel32) СМИ: Segment Title, Skinhead Times, State This33) Деловая лексика: Side Trip (Сокращение в электронном авиабилете)34) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: short ton (2, 000 pounds or 0. 907 metric ton)35) Нефтепромысловый: (sidetracking) бурение боковых стволов36) Образование: Safe Toy, Show And Tell37) Сетевые технологии: Subject To38) Полимеры: standard temperature, surface tension39) Программирование: Show Turtle, структурированный текст, Structured Text (стандартный язык программирования IEC 61131-3, см. также Robert W. Lewis; Karl-Heinz John; Bonfatti F.)40) Автоматика: sensing tool, setup time for batch, synonymous term41) Контроль качества: short-term42) Океанография: Stratosphere-troposphere43) Сахалин Ю: steam tracer44) Химическое оружие: Structured text45) Авиационная медицина: tactile sense46) Безопасность: Screening Tool47) Золотодобыча: концентрационный вибростол48) Расширение файла: Scream Tracker Instrument library, Segment Table, Smalltalk language source code file (Little Smalltalk), Stamp (NeoPaint)49) Нефть и газ: steel structure50) Нефтеперерабатывающие заводы: паровая турбина/машина (steam turbine)51) Имена и фамилии: Simon Tissot, Stuart Taylor52) Баскетбол: перехват (сокр. от steal)53) Уголь: Softening temperature54) Должность: Sports Trainer, Story Teller55) Чат: Struggler, Sub Topic, Such That56) NYSE. SPS Technologies, Inc.57) НАСА: Solar Terrestrial, Space Talk58) Программное обеспечение: The Simulation Toolkit -
7 st
1) Общая лексика: standards, Краткосрочный (short term)2) Компьютерная техника: Secondary Table, Seek Time, Selectable Technology, Sequence Type, Shadow Technology, Show Type, State And The, space telescope3) Американизм: Special Treatment4) Спорт: Short Track, Snap Twist, Sports Technology, Spring Training5) Военный термин: SEAL Team, Satellite Transmitter, Scientific/Technical, Self Test, Service Time, Ship Type, Short Tons, Siege Tank, Situation Time, Special Text, Standby Time, Strategic Task, Support Technical, Surveillance Test, scheduled training, scramble time, security troops, service telegram, service test, shipping ticket, signal training, simulator training, space technology, special test, special training, special troops, start time, static test, sticky type, strategic transport, superintendent of transportation, supply and transport, surface target, survivability test, survival time, system test6) Техника: sample top, service testing, set-up time for batch, signaling tone, site team, sound telegraph, source term, space tracking, spaceborne telescope, speed transmitter, standard taper, star tracker, steam turbine, surge tank, synchronous transmission, target speed7) Сельское хозяйство: sensation threshold8) Шутливое выражение: Silly Twit9) Математика: Subtraction Term, топология множеств (set topology)10) Метеорология: Squall's Time11) Железнодорожный термин: ST Rail System12) Юридический термин: Silent Treatment13) Бухгалтерия: Sub Total14) Автомобильный термин: scan tool15) Грубое выражение: Sex Toy, Soft Touch, Straight Tip, Stupid Things16) Металлургия: Sound Trap17) Политика: St. Lucia18) Телекоммуникации: Signaling Terminal, Segment Type (DQDB, SMDS)19) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Sudan), Saint Tome and Principe, Same Time, Sesotho, Sixteen Thirty, Sorting Tender (UK, part of RPO), Source/Type Code (MODS report abbreviation), Space Transport, Special Tooling, Staff Target, Standard Time, Strategic Transport, air, Street (Street Suffix), Summer Time, Support Tank, Surface Terminal, sawtooth, scientific and technical, self-testing, sidereal time, single-throw, single-tire, sounding tube, start, starting time, steam, strip-tin, surface transport, Staff Target (British Army; L; Land), (SLFTPG) self-tapping20) Университет: Special Topics21) Физика: State Transformation22) Физиология: Esotropia, See And Treat, Sexually Transmitted, Shock therapy, Speech Therapy, Spontaneous Timed, Stage Of Disease, Stomach23) Электроника: Special Technology, Special Tuning24) Вычислительная техника: Schmitt trigger, Seagate technology, Segment Table / Type, Short Ton, Stream Protocol, Seagate Technology (HDD), Shared Tree (PIM, SPT, CBT, Multicast)25) Нефть: seismic tomography, short thread, sidetrack, tensile strength, верхняя граница интервала, из которого взята проба (sample top), короткая резьба (short thread), самопроверка (self-test), эксплуатационные испытания (service test)26) Биохимия: Skin Temperature27) Гигиена: sanitary towel28) Космонавтика: сао29) Картография: steel truss30) Транспорт: Semi Tread, Short Tread, Sign Type, Special Touring, Special Trailer, Special Transport, Sport Turismo, Sports Tourer, Sports Touring, Stadium Truck, Standard Touring, Standard Trailer, Station Timed, Street Thunder31) Фирменный знак: Seagate Technologies, Sport Technologies, Stafford Tavares, Super Travel32) СМИ: Segment Title, Skinhead Times, State This33) Деловая лексика: Side Trip (Сокращение в электронном авиабилете)34) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: short ton (2, 000 pounds or 0. 907 metric ton)35) Нефтепромысловый: (sidetracking) бурение боковых стволов36) Образование: Safe Toy, Show And Tell37) Сетевые технологии: Subject To38) Полимеры: standard temperature, surface tension39) Программирование: Show Turtle, структурированный текст, Structured Text (стандартный язык программирования IEC 61131-3, см. также Robert W. Lewis; Karl-Heinz John; Bonfatti F.)40) Автоматика: sensing tool, setup time for batch, synonymous term41) Контроль качества: short-term42) Океанография: Stratosphere-troposphere43) Сахалин Ю: steam tracer44) Химическое оружие: Structured text45) Авиационная медицина: tactile sense46) Безопасность: Screening Tool47) Золотодобыча: концентрационный вибростол48) Расширение файла: Scream Tracker Instrument library, Segment Table, Smalltalk language source code file (Little Smalltalk), Stamp (NeoPaint)49) Нефть и газ: steel structure50) Нефтеперерабатывающие заводы: паровая турбина/машина (steam turbine)51) Имена и фамилии: Simon Tissot, Stuart Taylor52) Баскетбол: перехват (сокр. от steal)53) Уголь: Softening temperature54) Должность: Sports Trainer, Story Teller56) NYSE. SPS Technologies, Inc.57) НАСА: Solar Terrestrial, Space Talk58) Программное обеспечение: The Simulation Toolkit -
8 ETS
1) Общая лексика: Emissions Trading Scheme (European Union), (European Treaty Series) European Treaty Series (СДСЕ - Серия Договоров Совета Европы)2) Компьютерная техника: Engineering Test Satellite3) Морской термин: расчётное время отхода (судна) (/estimated time of sailing/), ожидаемое время отхода (expected time of sailing)4) Медицина: торакоскопическая симпатэктомия5) Военный термин: Earth Technology Satellite, Educational Training Service, Elite Tactical Squad, Employment Training School, Engineer Tank System, Engineer Test Satellite, Engineering and Technical Service, European telecommunications system, European telephone system, Expiration of Term of Service, electronic test set, electronic test stand, engineering tactical system, enlisted term of service, enlisted training section, environment table simulation, equal time spacing, equivalent target size, estimated time of separation, evaluation test specifications, evaluation trainers, expiration of time of service6) Техника: Emergency Telecommunications System, electronic telegraph system, electronic test station, electronic timing set, elevated tubesheet sleeve, emergency trip system, engineering time standards, environmental technical specifications, events tracking system, experts and training section, expiration term of service7) Шутливое выражение: Electrician's Theme Song, Emily The Strange8) Религия: Essential Truth Study, Evil Testing Serpent9) Биржевой термин: Extended Trading Securities, electronic trading system10) Телекоммуникации: End Of Transmission Signal11) Сокращение: Electronic Translator System, Engagement Training Simulator, European Telecommunication Satellite, Experimental Test Site, endless tangent screw, Electronic Transfer System12) Университет: Educational Testing Services13) Физиология: Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy14) Электроника: Excited Triplet State15) Вычислительная техника: European Telecommunication Standard (ETSI), Executable Test Suite (ISO 9646-1), Отделение телекоммуникационной связи Emerson16) Нефть: engine temperature switch17) Иммунология: Extraction Tracking Standards18) Онкология: Environmental Tobacco Smoke19) Связь: European Telecommunication Standard20) Космонавтика: Engineering Test Satellite (Japan)21) Транспорт: Electronic Traction System, Expect To Sail22) Пищевая промышленность: End The Slaughter23) Фирменный знак: Educational Testing Service, European Trusted Services24) Экология: environmental table simulation25) Деловая лексика: Employment And Training Services, ожидаемое время отхода судна (expected time of sailing)26) Образование: Служба образовательного тестирования ( Educational Testing Service), Служба тестирования в области образования27) Сетевые технологии: electronic tandem switching, электронная последовательная коммутация28) Сахалин Ю: engineering and technical services, engineering technical services29) Химическое оружие: environmental technical studies30) Макаров: electron transmission spectroscopy31) Расширение файла: Econometric Time Series32) Нефть и газ: energized to safe33) Электротехника: electric thermal storage34) Высокочастотная электроника: European Telecommunications Standard35) Аэропорты: Enterprise, Alabama USA36) Программное обеспечение: Engineering Tool Software37) СМС: Easy To Say38) Международные перевозки: expected time of sailing -
9 block
1) брус; плита, плитка; сухарь; колодка2) подставка; опора; подкладка; подпорка || поддерживать; подпирать; устанавливать опору3) препятствие; преграда || препятствовать; преграждать4) блок; узел5) блок; шкив6) кадр (УП)7) вчт. программный блок•- adjustable block
- adjustable index block
- adjustable step block
- adjustable step-clamping block
- adjustment key block
- alternating-current automatic block
- aluminum-silicon alloy block
- anchor block
- angle block
- antirotation block
- assembled cutter block
- automatic block with track circuits
- automatic block
- automatic work block
- backing block
- back-up block
- base block
- bearing block
- bending block
- block of instructions
- blocks of tools
- boring block
- brake block
- brake holder block
- building block
- bull gear block
- carrier block
- cartridge block
- clamp block
- clamping block
- clapper block
- clutch blocks
- coded current block
- computing block
- connection block
- connector block
- contour block
- control block
- crank block
- crank pin block
- cutter block
- cutter-setting block
- cutting block
- cylinder block
- data block
- die block
- direct-current automatic block
- distribution block
- dog block
- double block
- double-sheaved block
- draw block
- drawing block
- dressing block
- drill block
- electric pulley block
- engine block
- expansion sliding block
- feed trip block
- file control block
- file information block
- filler block
- filling block
- fly block
- focus control block
- foot block
- form block
- former block
- fourfold block
- four-sheaved block
- four-way tool block
- friction block
- functional block
- gage block
- gap block
- grip block
- guide block
- heel block
- hinged clapper block
- Hoke block
- hold-down block
- hydraulic block
- indexing tool block
- input block
- jaw block
- layout block
- leveling block
- line control block
- link block
- load block
- locating block
- lubricating block
- magnetic vee-block
- manual work block
- master block
- measuring block
- memory block
- milling block
- motion block
- motor block
- mounting block
- moving block
- multiple sheave block
- multiple tool block
- multipurpose connections block
- NC control block
- NC data block
- NC program block
- octree block
- oil system block
- operational block
- outer support block
- output block
- packing block
- parallel block
- pillow block
- pitch disk block
- pivot block
- planer tool block
- plumber block
- plummer block
- pneumatic block
- positioning block
- power block
- preformed block
- program block
- pull block
- pulley block
- ram block
- ram-and-tool block
- read-in block
- reference block
- region octree block
- relieving tool block
- reversing lubricating block
- riser block
- running block
- securing block
- servocontrolled tool block
- set block
- setting block
- setup block
- sheave block
- sheaved block
- shut-off block
- sine V-block
- single block
- slide block
- sliding block
- slipper block
- snatch block
- soft jaw block
- solid block
- spacer block
- spacing block
- spindle block
- split V-block
- standard block
- standard computing block
- standard gage block
- stationary key block
- steady block
- step block
- stop block
- striker block
- support base block
- supporting block
- swivel block
- swiveling block
- synchronizer block
- T block
- tabulation block
- tail block
- takeup block
- tape block
- tapered wedge block
- tension pulley block
- terminal block
- test block
- testing block
- thermoelectric block
- throttling lubricating block
- thrust block
- title block
- tolerance block
- tool block
- tool holding block
- tool mounting block
- tooling block
- tool-setting block
- trip block
- tumbling block
- turret block
- two-cutter block
- unit control block
- unitary block of material
- V block
- valve block
- wedge block
- window block
- wire-drawing block
- word-address format blockEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > block
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10 parameter
параметр; характеристика- axis parameters
- controller parameters
- coupling parameter
- critical parameters
- cutting parameters
- design parameters
- distributed parameters
- ensemble parameter
- external parameters
- forming parameters
- generalized parameter
- global parameters
- grinding parameters
- helix parameter
- incrementation parameter
- influential parameters
- initial parameter
- input parameters
- intangible parameter
- interacted parameters
- internal parameters
- interrelating parameters
- joint-link parameters
- keyword parameter
- laser irradiation parameters
- laser operating parameters
- load-dependent parameter
- location parameter
- machine-dependent parameter
- machine-operating parameters
- machine-tool parameters
- machining parameters
- measurable parameter
- no-load parameters
- operating parameters
- output parameters
- performance parameters
- plant parameter
- predetermined optimal parameter
- prefixed parameter
- preset parameter
- process parameters
- process-dependent parameters
- products parameters
- program-related parameters
- pulse melting parameters
- rated parameter
- respecifying parameters
- scale parameter
- set-up parameters
- shape parameter
- stored parameter
- stray parameter
- system parameter
- test parameter
- testing parameter
- time-independent parameter
- time-varying parameters
- tool design parameters
- tool monitor parameters
- tool usage parameters
- tool wear-correlated parameter
- tool-path parameters
- transformation parameter
- transitional parameters
- unitless parameter
- VB parameter
- work process-related parameters
- work removal parameter
- working parameters
- workpiece parametersEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > parameter
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11 machine
1. n машина, механизмadding machine — счётная машина; арифмометр
machine for testing — испытательная машина, машина для испытаний
American machine — тигельная машина «американка»
2. n вчт. машина, ЭВМ3. n автомат, машина4. n станок5. n транспортное средство; автомобиль, самолёт, велосипед6. n амер. разг. пожарная машинаplant-top removing machine — ботвоудаляющая машина, ботворез
7. n механизм8. n аппаратstate machine — государственный аппарат, государственная машина
the conflict set the state machine in motion — из-за этого конфликта пришла в движение вся государственная машина
9. v подвергать механической обработке; обрабатывать на станке10. v разг. печататьСинонимический ряд:1. car (noun) auto; autocar; automobile; buggy; car; motor; motorcar2. drudge (noun) automaton; drudge; golem; grind; laborer; labourer; robot3. mechanism (noun) computer; contrivance; device; engine; gadget; implement; instrument; mechanism; tool4. organisation (noun) line-up; movement; organisation; organization; ring5. manufacture (verb) die; drill; lathe; manufacture; plane; shape; tool; turn; weld -
12 Language
Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)[A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling itSolving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into anotherLANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own LanguageThe forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)[It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chiefly governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)23) Language Is Inevitably Influenced by Specific Contexts of Human InteractionLanguage cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language
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13 MTS
1) Компьютерная техника: Memory Tracking System2) Ботаника: Moisture Transport System3) Военный термин: MARS technical service, Man-Transportable SOCRATES, Marine Tactical System, Masked Target Sensor, Mechanical Testing And Simulation, Message Telecommunications Service, Mission Teams Specialist, Modernization Through Spares, Moored Training Ship, Motor Transport Service, Multi Tank Syndrome, maintenance training set, maneuverable target simulator, manpower training services, master test station, material test specification, mechanical transport school, message traffic study, message transmission system, microwave test set, military test satellite, military training standard, military transportation section, missile test set, missile test stand, missile test station, missile tracking system, missile training squadron, missile tube supply, mobile tracking station, mobile tracking system, mobile training set, moving target screen, moving target simulator, multiple target screen, Maritime Tactical Schools (NATO)4) Техника: MTS system, magnetic tape station, main turbine system, memory test system, message telephone service5) Шутливое выражение: Make Transactions Slower, Mon The Scots, Murder The Sheriff6) Религия: Ministry Training Strategy7) Железнодорожный термин: Multi Train System8) Бухгалтерия: Money Transactions System9) Автомобильный термин: Multi-terrain Select (система помощи при движении по бездорожью)10) Биржевой термин: Mediocre Trading System11) Телекоммуникации: Message Telephone System, Message Transfer System12) Сокращение: Managerial Training System (at W. F. Bolger Management Academy and others), Marine Technological Society, Maritime Tactical School, Marked Target Seeker, Merlin Training System (UK Royal Navy), Message Transport System (Internet), Military Tactical Systems, Modular Tactical Switch, Movement Tracking System, Multiple Target Surveillance, magnetic tape system, Message Toll Service, Mud To Surface13) Университет: Math Technology And Science, Math Technology Science, Medium Technical School, Ministerial Training School14) Физика: Momentum Throttle Slide, Muffin Tin Surface15) Электроника: Material Tracking Standard, Medium Temperature System, Modular Time System, Multi Touch Switch16) Вычислительная техника: Moscow Time Standard-3:00, Message Transfer System (MHS), Microsoft Transaction Server (MS, DB, WSH, COM), Michigan Terminal System (OS), Magnetic Tape System (OS, HP, HP 2100), (запоминающее) устройство на магнитной ленте, microsoft transaction server17) Нефть: восходящий поток бурового раствора (mud to surface)18) Картография: mountains19) Транспорт: Mobil - Trac System20) Фирменный знак: Manitoba Telephone Services, Microsoft Technical Support22) Деловая лексика: Made To Stock23) Сетевые технологии: Multi Threaded Server, message tool service, message transfer service, служба передачи сообщений24) ЕБРР: medium term scenario25) Автоматика: make-to-stock, material transportation system26) Океанография: Marine Technology Society27) Химическое оружие: Mustard Temperature-Conditioning System28) Расширение файла: Message Transfer Service/System, Michigan Terminal System, Moscow Time Standard (+3:00), Microsoft Transaction Server (Microsoft)29) Теория: (Mahalanobis - Taguchi Startegy) Стратегия Махаланобиса - Тагучи30) Нефть и газ: Morse taper shank31) Майкрософт: система передачи сообщений32) Общественная организация: Maryland Temperance Society, Michigan Thoracic Society33) Должность: Member Of Technical Staff34) Правительство: Montgomery Transitional Services35) NYSE. Montgomery Street Income Securities, Inc.36) НАСА: Mission Team Specialist, Mission Training School37) Программное обеспечение: Millenium Theatre System38) Единицы измерений: Metric Ton Of Styrofoam -
14 MtS
1) Компьютерная техника: Memory Tracking System2) Ботаника: Moisture Transport System3) Военный термин: MARS technical service, Man-Transportable SOCRATES, Marine Tactical System, Masked Target Sensor, Mechanical Testing And Simulation, Message Telecommunications Service, Mission Teams Specialist, Modernization Through Spares, Moored Training Ship, Motor Transport Service, Multi Tank Syndrome, maintenance training set, maneuverable target simulator, manpower training services, master test station, material test specification, mechanical transport school, message traffic study, message transmission system, microwave test set, military test satellite, military training standard, military transportation section, missile test set, missile test stand, missile test station, missile tracking system, missile training squadron, missile tube supply, mobile tracking station, mobile tracking system, mobile training set, moving target screen, moving target simulator, multiple target screen, Maritime Tactical Schools (NATO)4) Техника: MTS system, magnetic tape station, main turbine system, memory test system, message telephone service5) Шутливое выражение: Make Transactions Slower, Mon The Scots, Murder The Sheriff6) Религия: Ministry Training Strategy7) Железнодорожный термин: Multi Train System8) Бухгалтерия: Money Transactions System9) Автомобильный термин: Multi-terrain Select (система помощи при движении по бездорожью)10) Биржевой термин: Mediocre Trading System11) Телекоммуникации: Message Telephone System, Message Transfer System12) Сокращение: Managerial Training System (at W. F. Bolger Management Academy and others), Marine Technological Society, Maritime Tactical School, Marked Target Seeker, Merlin Training System (UK Royal Navy), Message Transport System (Internet), Military Tactical Systems, Modular Tactical Switch, Movement Tracking System, Multiple Target Surveillance, magnetic tape system, Message Toll Service, Mud To Surface13) Университет: Math Technology And Science, Math Technology Science, Medium Technical School, Ministerial Training School14) Физика: Momentum Throttle Slide, Muffin Tin Surface15) Электроника: Material Tracking Standard, Medium Temperature System, Modular Time System, Multi Touch Switch16) Вычислительная техника: Moscow Time Standard-3:00, Message Transfer System (MHS), Microsoft Transaction Server (MS, DB, WSH, COM), Michigan Terminal System (OS), Magnetic Tape System (OS, HP, HP 2100), (запоминающее) устройство на магнитной ленте, microsoft transaction server17) Нефть: восходящий поток бурового раствора (mud to surface)18) Картография: mountains19) Транспорт: Mobil - Trac System20) Фирменный знак: Manitoba Telephone Services, Microsoft Technical Support22) Деловая лексика: Made To Stock23) Сетевые технологии: Multi Threaded Server, message tool service, message transfer service, служба передачи сообщений24) ЕБРР: medium term scenario25) Автоматика: make-to-stock, material transportation system26) Океанография: Marine Technology Society27) Химическое оружие: Mustard Temperature-Conditioning System28) Расширение файла: Message Transfer Service/System, Michigan Terminal System, Moscow Time Standard (+3:00), Microsoft Transaction Server (Microsoft)29) Теория: (Mahalanobis - Taguchi Startegy) Стратегия Махаланобиса - Тагучи30) Нефть и газ: Morse taper shank31) Майкрософт: система передачи сообщений32) Общественная организация: Maryland Temperance Society, Michigan Thoracic Society33) Должность: Member Of Technical Staff34) Правительство: Montgomery Transitional Services35) NYSE. Montgomery Street Income Securities, Inc.36) НАСА: Mission Team Specialist, Mission Training School37) Программное обеспечение: Millenium Theatre System38) Единицы измерений: Metric Ton Of Styrofoam -
15 apparatus
1) устройство; приспособление2) прибор3) аппарат; установка; аппаратура•- abrasive wear apparatus -
aging apparatus
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alignment sensing apparatus
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anti-set-off apparatus
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automatic switch apparatus
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automatic train stop apparatus
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ball-on-flat wear life apparatus
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base plate apparatus
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bemberg stretch-spinning apparatus
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blast apparatus
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block apparatus
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Bowden-Leben apparatus
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braking apparatus
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breathing apparatus
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brine apparatus
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bum-in apparatus
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buoyant apparatus
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calculating apparatus
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calibrating apparatus
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car checking apparatus
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carbon apparatus
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coating apparatus
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coil handling apparatus
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combustion safety apparatus
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composing apparatus
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compressed-air painting apparatus
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conditioning apparatus
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constant-flow apparatus
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continuous wear measuring apparatus
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control block apparatus
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coupling apparatus
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crossed cylinders test apparatus
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cutting apparatus
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dampening apparatus
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desktop apparatus
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developing apparatus
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diffusion apparatus
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direct-acting measuring apparatus
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dispensing apparatus
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distillation apparatus
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diving apparatus
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drop-weight test apparatus
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dry spinnings
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drying apparatus
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electric apparatus
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electrodialysis apparatus
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electrophoresis apparatus
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Engler-Ubbelohde apparatus
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evaporating apparatus
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exposure control apparatus
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feeding apparatus
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film drive apparatus
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film processing apparatus
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film reeling apparatus
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film tensioning apparatus
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flash point apparatus
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flaw-detecting apparatus
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float apparatus
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flow-measuring apparatus
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fog-signal apparatus
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foldable photographic apparatus
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folding apparatus
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freezing apparatus
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fretting apparatus
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friction and adhesion testing apparatus
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friction and fatigue apparatus
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friction and wear apparatus
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friction apparatus
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frying apparatus
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gate apparatus
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glueing apparatus
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heat-transfer apparatus
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high-temperature friction apparatus
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ice-cream apparatus
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ice-making apparatus
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image forming apparatus
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ink spraying apparatus
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inking apparatus
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interference measuring apparatus
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junction shearing apparatus
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key lock apparatus
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kinetic boundary friction apparatus
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lap-forming apparatus
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lime slaking apparatus
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malting apparatus
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manual block apparatus
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mashing apparatus
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matrix distributing apparatus
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measuring apparatus
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melt spinning apparatus
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melting apparatus
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melting-point apparatus
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monitoring apparatus
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motion-picture apparatus
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motion-picture projection apparatus
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multiple exposure apparatus
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mutual indentation hardness apparatus
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numerical control apparatus
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oscillating pin on flat friction apparatus
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oxygen breathing apparatus
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pasting apparatus
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pellet on disk apparatus
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photographic apparatus
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photographic developing apparatus
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photographic self-processing apparatus
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photographic type composing apparatus
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pin and ring apparatus
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planting apparatus
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position sensing apparatus
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printing apparatus
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processing apparatus
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projection apparatus
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quenching apparatus
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quick intermittent advancement apparatus
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receiving apparatus
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reciprocating pellet apparatus
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reciprocity calibration apparatus
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registering apparatus
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regulating apparatus
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rendering apparatus
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roasting apparatus
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rod cropping apparatus
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sampling apparatus
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sand-aerating apparatus
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sand-blasting apparatus
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sand-blast apparatus
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scratch test apparatus
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section block apparatus
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self-contained breathing apparatus
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self-developing photographic apparatus
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self-rescue breathing apparatus
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separating hosiery apparatus
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shake apparatus
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shear strength apparatus
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sheet delivery apparatus
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shirring apparatus
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signal handling apparatus
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slide projection apparatus
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sliding systems friction apparatus
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spark-quenching apparatus
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spinning apparatus
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spinning friction apparatus
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spline wear test apparatus
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start-stop apparatus
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static friction apparatus
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station block apparatus
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steam-heated apparatus
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steam-jacketed apparatus
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step-by-step apparatus
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stick-slip feet apparatus
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stocking mending apparatus
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strip-coiling apparatus
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strip-guiding apparatus
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strip-oiling apparatus
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surging-type pickling apparatus
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switch operating apparatus
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synchronizing apparatus
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thermocopying apparatus
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thrust washer test apparatus
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timber-hauling apparatus
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tool-positioning apparatus
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train apparatus
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transducing apparatus
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transmitting apparatus
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tree shear apparatus
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truncated cone on cylioder apparatus
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tuyere apparatus
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two annular friction apparatus
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Uhlig's apparatus
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ultrasonic film cleaning apparatus
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unmanned diagnostic control apparatus
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U-tube apparatus
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vacuum friction apparatus
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vacuum gas analysis apparatus
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vapor density apparatus
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vapor-testing apparatus
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vibration friction apparatus
-
viewing apparatus
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vulcanizing apparatus
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waxing apparatus
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web guiding apparatus
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web processing apparatus
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weighing and packing apparatus
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wet spinning apparatus
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wheel counting apparatus
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workpiece identification apparatus
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workpiece politioning apparatus
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X-ray apparatus
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yarn supply apparatus
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yeast growing apparatus
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zone-melting apparatus -
16 ST
1. sample top - верхняя граница интервала, из которого взята проба;2. Schmitt trigger - триггер Шмитта;3. self-testing - самоконтроль; самопроверка; самотестирование;4. sensation threshold - порог чувствительности;5. sensing tool - контактный датчик-щуп;6. service telegram - служебная телеграмма;7. service test - эксплуатационные испытания;8. service testing - испытания в рабочих условиях;9. set-up time for batch - время наладки станка на обработку партии деталей;10. short-term - краткосрочный;11. short thread - короткая резьба;12. short ton - короткая тонна; 907,2 кг;13. signal training - подготовка связистов;14. signaling tone - тональный сигнал;15. site team - группа, работающая на площадке;16. sound telegraph - звуковой телеграф;17. source term - характеристики выброса;18. space telescope - космический телескоп;19. space tracking - слежение за космическими объектами;20. spaceborne telescope - космический телескоп;21. special test - специальные испытания;22. speed transmitter - датчик скорости;23. standard taper - стандартный переходный патрубок;24. standard temperature - нормальная температура;25. standard time - поясное время;26. star tracker - астроориентатор; блок астроориентации;27. start - запуск; начало;28. steam - пар;29. steam turbine - паровая турбина;30. steel - сталь;31. stokes - стокс; Ст;32. store - запоминающее устройство; ЗУ;33. street - улица;34. surface tension - поверхностное натяжение;35. surge tank - напорный бак;36. synchronous transmission - синхронная передача;37. system test - испытание системы;38. target speed - скорость цели -
17 stand
стенд; установка для испытания; станина; стойка (рис. 160)
; стеллаж; державка; подставка; консоль; кронштейн; остановка; пауза; стоянка (автомобильная); II стоять; выдерживать (усилия, напряжение, высокую температуру)
- stand-by
- stand-alone device
- stand-alone diagnostics
- stand-alone equipment
- stand-alone optical tool setter
- stand-by application
- stand-by battery
- stand-by capacity
- stand-by circuit
- stand-by charge
- stand-by condition
- stand-by current drain
- stand-by generator
- stand-by heat
- stand-by period
- stand-by mode
- stand-by pumping unit
- stand-by unit
- stand miles
- stand off
- stand-off thread
- stand-on electric reach fork truck
- stand under load
- accumulator stand
- AGV load stand
- automatic guided vehicle load stand
- AGV pickup stand
- automatic guided vehicle pickup stand
- air brake stand
- anvil stand
- charging stand
- check-out stand
- empty metal display stand
- engine-test stand
- floor stand for holding tools
- motor stand
- motor test stand
- operator's stand
- self-reeling up hose stand
- setup stand
- shelf stand
- test stand
- testing stand
- tilting stand
- tool stand
- vibration stand
- working stand -
18 Artificial Intelligence
In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, EventuallyJust as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the ProgramMany problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)[AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract FormThe basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory FormationIt is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular ContextsEven if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial IntelligenceThe primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary PropositionsIn artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
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19 head
3) верхняя часть; верхний элемент (конструкции, аппарата)4) передняя часть ( конструкции)5) головная часть (напр. тоннеля, слитка)6) штрек7) мн. ч. руда, поступающая на обогатительную фабрику8) метал. прибыль9) замочный камень ( свода печи)10) дека ( сотрясательного стола)13) пробка ( разливочного ковша)14) гидр. головное сооружение15) оголовок (напр. контрфорса)16) верхний бьеф17) высота столба ( жидкости); напор18) высота (сооружения, конструкции) в свету19) насадок; патрубок20) насадка; сопло22) дно, днище (бочки, барабана); верхнее днище ( резервуара)23) мн. ч. головная фракция, головной погон24) продвижение25) направление26) интервал ( на транспорте)27) англ. крыша ( автомобиля)29) крышка цилиндра ( поршневого насоса)30) мор. носовая часть, нос31) барабан (напр. якорного шпиля)35) ригель; верхний брус ( рамы)37) вчт. первый элемент списка38) вчт. дескриптор40) рекордер42) кипа (напр. джута, пеньки)43) пищ. сливки45) швейн. верхняя подушка ( гладильного пресса)46) заголовок, "шапка"; рубрика•to barb bolt head — заёршивать головку болта;to expand rivet head — раздавать головку заклёпки;head of culvert — оголовок водопропускной трубыhead of delta — вершина дельты рекиhead of dock — голова докаhead of pile — наголовник сваи-
accumulator-type felling head
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adiabatic head
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adjustable boring head
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air-floating head
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airspeed head
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anamorphic head
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angular head
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antifoam still head
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aquifer pressure head
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aquifer head
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armature head
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arrow head
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assembling head
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attachment head
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audio head
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auger-drill head
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automatic arc-welding head
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available head
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axe head
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ball-and-socket head
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band head
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banner head
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barrel head
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beetle head
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binding head
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blow head
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blowpipe head
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boiler head
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bolt head
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boom head
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boring head
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boring-and-facing head
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brake head
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breakwater head
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buffer head
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bull head
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bumped head
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buoyancy head
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cable distribution head
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cable head
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camera head
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capstan head
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carding head
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casing head
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cassette head
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casting head
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cementing head
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cementing plug dropping head
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chain saw felling head
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chimney head
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chipping head
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chord head
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circulating head
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cistern head
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closing head
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closure head
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cluster head
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color head
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color-light signal head
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column head
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combination head
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compensation head
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condenser head
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conductor head
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cone head
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confidence head
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connecting rod head
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connection head
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contour-facing head
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conveyor drive head
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core receiver retrieving head
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countersunk head
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coupler head
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coupling head
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cross head
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cross milling and drilling head
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cross-feed head
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cross-flow head
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crusher head
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crystal-oriented HPF video head
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C-type spot-welding head
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cue head
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culvert head
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cup head
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cushion head
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cutter head
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cutting head
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cylinder head
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dado head
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dead head
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deaerator head
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debranching head
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detecting head
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diamond head
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die head
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differential head
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discard head
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discharge head
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dished head
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distributor head
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dividing head
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door head
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double head
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double-gap erase head
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drafting head
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drawing head
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draw head
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drilling head
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drill head
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drilling-boring head
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dual grinding head
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dummy head
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dust head
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dynamic head
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dynamic tracking head
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electrode wheel head
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electrooptic head
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elevation head
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engraving head
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enlarger head
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erase head
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exhaust head
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extruder head
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facing head
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feeder head
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felling head
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ferrite head
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ferrostatic head
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fillister head
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filter head
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fishing head
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fixed head
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flared column head
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flex-hone head
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floating head
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fluid panning head
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flying head
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friction head
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gage head
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gear head
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gear-shaping cutter head
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gipsy head
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graduated head
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grapple head
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gravity head
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grinding head
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gross head
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gyroscopic head
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hammer head
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harvesting head
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hexagon head
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hex head
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hexagon turret head
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homing head
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hopper head
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hose coupling head
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hydraulic pressure head
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hydraulic head
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impact head
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indexing head
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index head
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injection head
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integrated head
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interchangeable head
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interchangeable horizontal spindle head
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ion gage head
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irrigation head
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jet head
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joist head
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kinetic head
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knitting head
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knurling head
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laser head
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latch bumper head
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laying head
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leader head
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leak detector head
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lever gun welding head
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light signal head
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liquid head
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liquid-dividing head
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live head
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loading head
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lost head
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machining head
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magnetic head
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main rotor head
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marking head
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mechanical recording head
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milling head
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modified boring head
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molder head
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movable head
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moving head
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multidrill head
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multiple drill head
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multiple head
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multiple sensor head
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multiple-arc head
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multiple-tree accumulating head
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multispindle head
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multistem felling head
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multivertical spindle head
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mushroom head
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nail head
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NC indexing head
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NC/TP head
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net positive suction head
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nigger head
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nozzle loss head
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operating head
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optical scanning head
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pan-and-tilt head
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panoramic head
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parallel movement gripper head
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pelletizing head
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pickup head
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picture head
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pier head
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pilot head
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pipeline head
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piston head
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piston motor head
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pit head
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Pitot-static head
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Pitot head
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pivoting drafting head
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placement head
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planning head
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playback head
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plotting head
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plunge milling head
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potential head
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pouring head
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power head
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preread head
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press head
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pressure head
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priming head
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printing head
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probe head
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profiling head
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protractor head
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pulling head
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punch head
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pusher-beam head
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pyranometer head
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quill-type head
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rail head
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rail-wing head
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rainwater head
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ram head
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randomly selected head
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reactor vessel head
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read head
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read-write head
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record head
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recording head
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recording/playback head
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refacing head
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remote head
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removable cylinder head
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replay head
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reservoir head
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resurfaced cylinder head
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RF head
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right-angle head
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river head
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rivet head
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roller head
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rope-type head
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rosser head
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rotary head
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round head
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rudder head
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running head
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safety head
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scanning head
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screw-cutting head
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seal-priming head
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seam-welding head
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search head
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seepage head
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self-cleaning head
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self-powered welding head
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self-powered head
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sensing head
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set head
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shake head
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shear mixing head
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shear-and-grapple head
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shearing head
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sheeting head
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sink head
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sinker head
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sleeve head
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sleeve milling head
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sliding head
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slipper head
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slotted head
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sluice head
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solid head
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solid-state laser head
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sound head
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spear-point head
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spike head
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spindle head
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spindle-type rotary head
-
splash head
-
split head
-
splitter head
-
static head
-
steering head
-
stem head
-
stitcher head
-
stitching head
-
stock head
-
stopper head
-
suction head
-
supply head
-
surcharge head
-
swivel work head
-
takeout head
-
tank head
-
tapered head
-
tappet head
-
tapping head
-
temperature head
-
tension head
-
test head
-
testing machine head
-
thermal head
-
thin-film head
-
thread-cutting head
-
thread-rolling head
-
tight head
-
time-code head
-
tool head
-
torch head
-
tracing head
-
tractor head
-
traveling head
-
trigger probe head
-
tripod head
-
trolley head
-
tubing head
-
turret head
-
U-flow head
-
unit-type head
-
universal boring head
-
universal milling head
-
upper head
-
valve head
-
valveless distillation column head
-
vapor-dividing head
-
velocity head
-
video erasing head
-
video head
-
video rotary heads
-
warping head
-
water head
-
well head
-
window head
-
write head -
20 ST
I сокр. от
Schmitt trigger II сокр. от
self-testing1) самоконтроль; самопроверкаIII сокр. от sensing tool IV сокр. от set-up time for batch V сокр. от signaling tone VI сокр. от
space telescope VII сокр. от stokesстоке, СтVIII сокр. от
street IX сокр. от
surface tension
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
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